From toxic blooms to dead zones, how wildfires transform oceans and lakes

August 14, 2026 at 05:00 AM

Wildfire smoke and ash can reshape aquatic ecosystems long after the flames have been extinguished

Wildfires are an increasing problem in Europe and elsewhere. While their immediate effect on air quality is obvious, they can also trigger less visible but significant environmental effects, including algal blooms.

An algal bloom is the rapid growth of algae and other plant-like microorganisms. These blooms can become so dense that they change the colour of the lake and seas. Although most are harmless, some produce dangerous toxins. When their blooms die, their decomposition depletes oxygen in the water, creating so-called dead zones.

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