Pakistan has again approached the United Nations, urging the Security Council to call on India to fully implement the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) and comply with the awards of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA). Islamabad warned that any attempt to stop, divert, restrict, manipulate or otherwise interfere with the flow of waters legally belonging to Pakistan under the treaty could have far-reaching humanitarian, economic and security consequences. The appeal was made in a second letter written by Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar to UN Secretary-General António Guterres, highlighting the August 31 PCA ruling that found the IWT remains in force and binding on both countries. The PCA has also issued an order on interim measures concerning construction works at the Ratle Hydro-Electric Plant pending the neutral expert's determination of whether the project's design complies with the treaty. "The Security Council is urged to take cognizance of this fragile and deteriorating situation in the region and call upon India to fully implement the Treaty and the Awards of the Permanent Court of Arbitration; refrain from any action that may stop, divert, restrict, manipulate or otherwise interfere with the flow of waters lawfully belonging to Pakistan under the Treaty; abandon any project or measure inconsistent with the Treaty; resume without delay all Treaty-mandated cooperation, communication, notification, consultation and data sharing and comply, in good faith, with its obligations under international law, including international humanitarian and human rights law," the letter reads. This is Dar's second letter to the UN on the issue, following his first communication sent on June 17. In the latest letter, he highlighted the August 31 ruling of the PCA, which held that neither party could justify the suspension or termination of the treaty and affirmed that the IWT remains fully in force and binding on both countries. The letter also referred to the court's separate order on interim measures sought by Pakistan concerning construction work at the Ratle Hydro-Electric Plant (RHEP), pending the neutral expert's determination of whether the project's design complies with the treaty. The court unanimously prohibited India from completing the dam wall and power intake structure beyond specified levels until 90 days after the neutral expert issues his final decision, which is expected in July 2027. Pakistan told the UN that the issue was existential for the country, stressing that the Indus Basin sustains the lives and livelihoods of nearly 250 million people and is central to its agriculture, food security, economy and environmental sustainability. "Any attempt to politicise water flows or subject them to unilateral control carries consequences far beyond a bilateral legal disagreement. It risks creating humanitarian, economic and security repercussions across an already fragile region." The letter also warned that India's refusal to accept the binding character of the treaty and the decisions of its duly constituted dispute-settlement mechanisms would also establish a deeply troubling precedent. The letter said that if a state were permitted to disregard solemn treaty obligations on political grounds, the credibility of transboundary water agreements elsewhere, as well as the wider international law-based order, would be seriously weakened. The letter stated that Pakistan had exercised restraint and responsibility since India's so-called "abeyance" and remained committed to dialogue, lawful conduct and the peaceful resolution of disputes, including the core dispute over Jammu and Kashmir. However, it said Pakistan could not accept the normalisation of conduct that endangered its water and food security, economic stability, and the survival and dignity of its people. "In this connection, the National Security Committee of Pakistan has already underscored that any attempt to stop or divert the flow of water lawfully belonging to Pakistan under the Treaty would be regarded as an act of war." Pakistan told the UN that India's ongoing destabilising steps, particularly its overall positioning regarding the status of the treaty, alongside continuing treaty violations and the construction of illegal projects, including diversion canals, merited immediate attention and effective action by the Security Council. It said the council should act to fulfil its mandate and primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security and for preventing the deterioration of a grave situation. Dar further stressed that the international community must make clear that treaties cannot be arbitrarily suspended, and that shared water resources cannot be weaponised. He further said that the global community must also make it clear that conduct threatening the lives, livelihoods, and food security of millions of people is incompatible with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and international law, including international humanitarian and human rights law, and obligations to implement binding awards cannot be conveniently escaped. At the end, Pakistan requested that the letter be circulated as an official document of the Security Council under the agenda item "India-Pakistan Question".